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Sorption techniques are widely used to remove heavy metal ions from large volumes of aqueous solutions. Herein, the natural and some artificial materials, such as clay minerals, biosorbents, carbon-nanomaterials, metal oxides, are reviewed as adsorbents in the removal of different heavy metal ions, such as Ni (II), Cu (II), Pb (II), Cd (II), Cs (I), Eu (III), Th (IV), Cr (VI) from large volumes of aqueous solutions. The sorption kinetics and thermodynamics, the influence of environmental factors on the sorption, the possible sorption mechanism of heavy metal ions and the modification of adsorbents on the removal of heavy metal ions are discussed in detail. The sorption properties of the different adsorbents are also described. The different methods such as batch sorption techniques and spectroscopy techniques (such as XPS, FTIR, EXAFS, ATR-IR) in the determination of heavy metal ion sorption properties and sorption …